Ns to conception and style, or acquisition of information, or evaluation and interpretation of information. All authors have been involved in drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for vital intellectual content. All authors read and authorized the final manuscript. Authors’ facts CMD has 35 years expertise as a Trauma Surgeon and is actually a board certified Surgical Intensivist and is often a board certified Basic Surgeon. BMH and EAC are knowledgeable full-time research assistants for The Trauma and Orthopedics Research Division. AEH can be a board certified Anesthesiologist as well as the Chief of Anesthesiology. GSH is actually a board certified General Surgeon, a Trauma Surgeon, as well as a board certified Surgical Intensivist. Acknowledgements No external source of funding was involved. The authors want to thank Marina Hanes for copyediting the manuscript. Author details 1 Trauma/Critical Solutions, St. Elizabeth Health Center, 1044 Belmont Avenue, Youngstown, OH 44501, USA.3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)hex-4-ynoic acid Chemscene 2Department of Anesthesiology, St. Elizabeth Wellness Center, 1044 Belmont Avenue, Youngstown, OH 44501, USA. Received: 26 January 2014 Accepted: five June 2014 Published: 9 June 2014 References 1. Cotton BR, Smith G: The lower oesophageal sphincter and anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1984, 56(1):37?6. two. Morgan M: Manage of intragastric pH and volume. Br J Anaesth 1984, 56(1):47?7. 3. Tiret L, Desmonts JM, Hatton F, Vourc’h G: Complications related with anaesthesia potential survey in France. Canadian Anaesthetists’ Society Journal 1986, 33(3 Pt 1):336?44. 4. Kozlow JH, Berenholtz SM, Garrett E, Dorman T, Pronovost PJ: Epidemiology and influence of aspiration pneumonia in patients undergoing surgery in Maryland, 1999?000. Crit Care Med 2003, 31(7):1930?937. 5. Kluger MT, Short TG: Aspiration for the duration of anaesthesia: a overview of 133 situations in the Australian anaesthetic incident monitoring study (AIMS). Anaesthesia 1999, 54(1):19?six. six. Blitt CD, Gutman HL, Cohen DD, Weisman H, Dillon JB: “Silent” regurgitation and aspiration in the course of basic anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1970, 49(5):707?13. 7. Charuluxananan S, Punjasawadwong Y, Suraseranivongse S, Srisawasdi S, Kyokong O, Chinachoti T, Chanchayanon T, Rungreungvanich M, Thienthong S, Sirinan C, et al: The Thai anesthesia incidents study (THAI study) of anesthetic outcomes: II.870991-70-1 site anesthetic profiles and adverse events.PMID:24318587 Journal in the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 2005, 88(7):S14?9. 8. Mellin-Olsen J, Fasting S, Gisvold SE: Routine preoperative gastric emptying is seldom indicated: a study of 85,594 anaesthetics with9.ten.11. 12.13.14.15.16. 17. 18.19.20.21. 22. 23.24. 25.26.27. 28.29.30. 31. 32. 33.unique focus on aspiration pneumonia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1996, 40(10):1184?188. Olsson GL, Hallen B, Hambraeus-Jonzon K: Aspiration during anaesthesia: a computer-aided study of 185,358 anaesthetics. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1986, 30(1):84?2. Sakai T, Planinsic RM, Quinlan JJ, Handley LJ, Kim TY, Hilmi IA: The incidence and outcome of perioperative pulmonary aspiration within a university hospital: a 4-year retrospective analysis. Anesth Analg 2006, 103(four):941?47. Warner MA, Warner ME, Weber JG: Clinical significance of pulmonary aspiration during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology 1993, 78(1):56?2. Cheney FW, Posner KL, Caplan RA: Adverse respiratory events infrequently major to malpractice suits: a closed claims analysis. Anesthesiology 1991, 75(six):932?39. Kluger MT, Visvanathan T, Myburgh JA, Westhorpe RN: Crisis management during a.